Plastic refers to a wide range of materials, both synthetic and semi-synthetic organic compounds, which are malleable and are moldable into solid objects. Typically, plastics are organic polymers consisting of high molecular mass, but often contain other substances. Some are partially natural, but most of them are synthetic derivatives of petrochemicals. Plastics manufacturing is easy and relatively cheap. In addition, these substances are versatile and impervious.
The many advantages that plastics present to manufacturers have seen them being adopted in the production of a huge and growing number of products. Their use ranges from the production of the simplest of household products to spaceships and rockets. Most traditional materials that dominated the manufacturing industry such as leather, metal, paper, ceramic, glass, bone, wood, horn, and stone are continuously being replaced.
In countries that are highly developed, a third of all packaging materials are made from plastics while another third is used to make building materials. Other industries in which this materials is used heavily include furniture, toys, and automobile. There is a lot of variance in the extent to which plastic is used among underdeveloped, developing, and developed nations. However, use in developing nations is rising at a steady rate to cover the gap between them and developed nations. These materials also finds heavy use in the field of medicine.
The types of plastic materials in existence are many and they are used to make various commodities. Common examples of plastics include polyethylene, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonates, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamides, low-density polyethylene, and polyurethanes. Polyester is used to make textiles and fiber while bottles for microwavable packaging, plastic films, carbonated drinks, and peanut butter jars are made out of polyethylene terephthalate.
A wide variety of inexpensive products is made out of polyethylene. For example, polyethylene is utilized to manufacture shopping bags and plastic bottles. Shower curtains, plumbing pipes, flooring, guttering, and window frames are manufactured from polyvinyl chloride. Polyvinylidene chloride is used to make most of the food packaging materials on the market. Polycarbonate is used in the making of riot shields, eyeglasses, compact discs, lenses, traffic lights, and security windows. Some plastics are useful in the making of multiple classes of products.
The organic chemistry of a polymer making up a plastic is based upon when defining the properties of the materials. Some of the properties used in description include heat resistance, oxidation, density, hardness, ionizing radiation, and organic solvents. Plastic materials can be made electrically conductive, but their conductivity is much lower in comparison to that of their metal counterparts.
Pure plastics are insoluble in water and are biochemically inert, which make them to have a low level of toxicity. Biochemical inertness is caused by large molecular weights. Products made from plastic often contain different kinds of additives, some of which can be very toxic. The additives often cause toxicity by leaching out of the product.
As a result of toxicity, some countries enforce certain laws on the kind of additives that can be added in certain products. Plastic materials also degrade at a very low rate. Their chemical composition makes them resistant to most natural degradation processes.
The many advantages that plastics present to manufacturers have seen them being adopted in the production of a huge and growing number of products. Their use ranges from the production of the simplest of household products to spaceships and rockets. Most traditional materials that dominated the manufacturing industry such as leather, metal, paper, ceramic, glass, bone, wood, horn, and stone are continuously being replaced.
In countries that are highly developed, a third of all packaging materials are made from plastics while another third is used to make building materials. Other industries in which this materials is used heavily include furniture, toys, and automobile. There is a lot of variance in the extent to which plastic is used among underdeveloped, developing, and developed nations. However, use in developing nations is rising at a steady rate to cover the gap between them and developed nations. These materials also finds heavy use in the field of medicine.
The types of plastic materials in existence are many and they are used to make various commodities. Common examples of plastics include polyethylene, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonates, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamides, low-density polyethylene, and polyurethanes. Polyester is used to make textiles and fiber while bottles for microwavable packaging, plastic films, carbonated drinks, and peanut butter jars are made out of polyethylene terephthalate.
A wide variety of inexpensive products is made out of polyethylene. For example, polyethylene is utilized to manufacture shopping bags and plastic bottles. Shower curtains, plumbing pipes, flooring, guttering, and window frames are manufactured from polyvinyl chloride. Polyvinylidene chloride is used to make most of the food packaging materials on the market. Polycarbonate is used in the making of riot shields, eyeglasses, compact discs, lenses, traffic lights, and security windows. Some plastics are useful in the making of multiple classes of products.
The organic chemistry of a polymer making up a plastic is based upon when defining the properties of the materials. Some of the properties used in description include heat resistance, oxidation, density, hardness, ionizing radiation, and organic solvents. Plastic materials can be made electrically conductive, but their conductivity is much lower in comparison to that of their metal counterparts.
Pure plastics are insoluble in water and are biochemically inert, which make them to have a low level of toxicity. Biochemical inertness is caused by large molecular weights. Products made from plastic often contain different kinds of additives, some of which can be very toxic. The additives often cause toxicity by leaching out of the product.
As a result of toxicity, some countries enforce certain laws on the kind of additives that can be added in certain products. Plastic materials also degrade at a very low rate. Their chemical composition makes them resistant to most natural degradation processes.
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